Catholic Schools Vs. Public Schools Essays - State School

Catholic Schools Vs. Public Schools By Mandy S. Vincenzini Many parents struggle over the important decision to either send their children to Catholic school or public school. Clearly, they should choose public school over any non-profit educational organization concentrating on post-pubescent years in a childs life, especially Catholic installations. Catholic schools have less to offer children and parents on many levels, whereas public schools offer much more for much less. Furthermore, public schools have a much better reputation then Catholic institutions. According to Jerry Bransby of Syracuse University, New York, Catholic schools cost more and produce less. A study conducted by Jerry Bransby between the years of 1980 to 1995 reinforces this fact. He took 100 students from Catholic school and 100 from public. There were other groups involved, but the main point is that when these two particular groups were compared, the public school students scored higher on standardized tests by 46% then those from Catholic school! Another question answered from the same study was the likelihood of a student to continue his education to completion or degree of some kind. Bransby noted that 60% from Catholic school and nearly 81% from public actually finished post-high school education. With these numbers varying so much, one cannot help but wonder why? Bransby concluded that there were several differences in Catholic and public schools. Catholic schools tend to be more repressive, having stricter rules and guidelines then the public installations. Some of these include the wearing of uniforms and the anal regulation of behavior. Public schools are fairly lax and welcome individualism. The students are taught to be unique and inventive. Their creativity is harnessed (in theory) instead of punished as in the Catholic school world. Is this enough to create such diverse conclusions in the realms of Catholic and public schools? According to Suzanne Holbrook of Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania, yes, but these are not the only affecting factors. The Catholic teacher screening process is somewhat lax. The teachers from public schools generally have a higher degree in their area of expertise then in Catholic installations. Parents literally do pay more for less! Another conclusive fact from a smaller study conducted by Holbrook, was that public school offered more electives, more diverse classes, and subjects taught on higher levels then at the Catholic schools. In other words, the Catholic students are ill-prepared when it comes to standardized tests, not having as strong an education background as public school students. Teachers who lack attempted higher education breed students who will fail to reach desired goals as well. For the most part, in Holbrook's study, higher education wasn't even attempted. We pay these teachers to destroy our kids? Some may argue that Catholic schools have smaller classes, more racial harmony, and a tighter knit atmosphere. Truth be known, larger classes make a struggling student fight. In the real world, there are no hand outs. If one wants it, he must fight for it. As for racial harmony, when did that become positive? Is the real world in racial harmony? Do we live, breathe, and sleep in segregated quarters from our native neighbors? How can one who is alone all his life learn to cope and deal with relationships and companions? Once again, the Catholic schools let us down. Their segregated world is far from actuality and should not be embraced! A tighter knit atmosphere is hard to disprove in some instances, but in a school situation? Everyone loves the nosy neighbor who works at the flower shop and knows the whole towns business! Not exactly! In fact, not at all! Is it our will that our children grow up in a secluded, non-diverse, robotic environment that the Catholic schools offer? Do we want our children to have nothing private or to not understand what privacy is? Do we want loose-lipped children whose very monotonous lives revolve around another persons actions or lack there of? We must stand up to this plague that is trying to take the lives of our children, instilling false pretenses on them and dooming them to stupidity! We must fight back as parents and realize the folly of the Catholic domains! It is our duty to ensure longevity and credibility to our children

Free Essays on Guilede Age

Many people viewed businessmen of the nineteenth century as robber barons. They believed that these businessmen were so emerged into giant corporations and were so dedicated in striving for monopolistic power that their only pursuit was wealth and power in lieu of accomplishments. This entry counterbalances the idea of robber barons. John Chamberlain emphasizes the creative accomplishments of these business leaders. He explains the effects they had on the American public, while also realizing the â€Å"shameful aspects† of their actions. In the following essay, I will summarize Chamberlain’s views on Vanderbilt, Rockefeller and Carnegie, their achievements and their pursuit to deal with the American economy. The period after the Civil War resulted in a significant growth in the industrialization of the American economy. Many new faces started to emerge out into industrial enterprises. One of these new faces was Cornelius Vanderbilt. People believed that he was a man that used trickery to control properties that he wanted. When involved with something, Vanderbilt was a man who was determined to have physical and economical improvements for the company. He began his career from his love of steamboats, but as the steamboats era came to an end Vanderbilt became involved with railroads. With his profit made from steamboats and oversea affairs, he purchased shares of the Harlem Railroad. This would later help him gain stock control of Canada Southern, Lake Shore and the Michigan Central. These first steps lead him to much fame in the economical world. He relayed the Central’s tracks from New York to Chicago with new steel rails and stronger steel bridges. He produced a more efficient ty pe of locomotive and the traveling time was drastically shortened. Vanderbilt helped link the east and west worlds of America together. â€Å"Vanderbilt may have watered the Central’s stock. But as fast as he watered it he solidified it – and the worst ... Free Essays on Guilede Age Free Essays on Guilede Age Many people viewed businessmen of the nineteenth century as robber barons. They believed that these businessmen were so emerged into giant corporations and were so dedicated in striving for monopolistic power that their only pursuit was wealth and power in lieu of accomplishments. This entry counterbalances the idea of robber barons. John Chamberlain emphasizes the creative accomplishments of these business leaders. He explains the effects they had on the American public, while also realizing the â€Å"shameful aspects† of their actions. In the following essay, I will summarize Chamberlain’s views on Vanderbilt, Rockefeller and Carnegie, their achievements and their pursuit to deal with the American economy. The period after the Civil War resulted in a significant growth in the industrialization of the American economy. Many new faces started to emerge out into industrial enterprises. One of these new faces was Cornelius Vanderbilt. People believed that he was a man that used trickery to control properties that he wanted. When involved with something, Vanderbilt was a man who was determined to have physical and economical improvements for the company. He began his career from his love of steamboats, but as the steamboats era came to an end Vanderbilt became involved with railroads. With his profit made from steamboats and oversea affairs, he purchased shares of the Harlem Railroad. This would later help him gain stock control of Canada Southern, Lake Shore and the Michigan Central. These first steps lead him to much fame in the economical world. He relayed the Central’s tracks from New York to Chicago with new steel rails and stronger steel bridges. He produced a more efficient ty pe of locomotive and the traveling time was drastically shortened. Vanderbilt helped link the east and west worlds of America together. â€Å"Vanderbilt may have watered the Central’s stock. But as fast as he watered it he solidified it – and the worst ...

CBRE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CBRE - Essay Example As the discussion highlights  since the company is planning to engage in global financial activities, there is a possibility of it facing additional opportunities and risks. The major risks that the company is likely to face are political risk and foreign exchange risk. Due to these risks the company is likely not to maintain its reliable and constant revenues.From this paper it is clear that   the company is also likely to face risk due to the current emerging market banks. This will be risk associated with potential loss, which may arise from the negative effects due to change of interest rates, equity price volatility, and currency exchange inherent from trading portfolio of banks. Since the CBRE Company has many opportunities because it has highly invested and has technological development, the company has potential and future developments. Due to the increasing rate of population and increased residential income, the company is planning to develop more real estates. In addit ion, a large number of people are migrating to urban centers in search of jobs and this gives the company a guarantee that they will still have increased number of customers. The company is also planning to improve its technological standards and dominate the entire town in order to attract a large customer population (Nel, et al 6). It will achieve this goal by reducing the price of its properties and set a price that is slightly lower than their competitors for competitive advantage.

A full e-marketing report (including a plan for future activities) for Essay - 3

A full e-marketing report (including a plan for future activities) for The in thing - Essay Example The business is organized as a strategic business unit, one such strategic business unit is serving the households (being a Business to Customer business), while the other strategic business unit is acting as a distributor to other retailers and specialty stores (Business to Business). Both the business units differentiate themselves from their competitors through a very efficient order delivery system. To augment this are feature of the business are services like: informing retailers about the most in demand toy brand, allowing them to make advance order with charging them, not even in the case of cancellation of booking. Both the business units are organized in a way that allows them to be nimble and flexible in this volatile and uncertain marketplace. This marketing plan is being developed to increase the company’s customer base through analyzing the current discrepancies in the e-marketing mix of the company and suggesting the tools based on the assumption that they would be apt for this form of the business. Not only are the suggestions focused on adding new marking tools in the mix but also are aimed at removing redundant and obsolete market channels for the mix. The aim is to utilize every ounce of a marketing channels potential. Utilization in this context depends upon the number of customers the website is able to attract and more importantly retain. Retention is actually the real objective as it would lead to the creation of brand equity and brand loyalty. In this plan the company has been recommended to outsource its in-house website development and maintenance function, and focus on its core competencies. The company for which this marketing plan is being made is â€Å"The in Thing†. This business was founded in the year 2007, and is a private enterprise. The company operates in Accrington, Lancashire, United Kingdom with 25 employees. It has a strategic business unit by the name of â€Å"I want I want†, this business unit

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Globalization - Essay Example The political, societal and moral aspects of this sort of a global financial system are starting to aggravate significant discussion as well as argument. Economists have acted in response to reports of conflictual international market forces with both contempt and unresponsiveness and, whereas such reactions have not always been unjustifiable, they have not done much to facilitate in going towards a more productive discussion. Actually, the global economy is still a quite long way from this condition. A further appropriate account of the existing circumstances is global economic interdependence, where cross-border relations among markets and between production and economic activities are currently so powerful that economic growth in any one nation is controlled to a considerable level by procedures and advancements outside its borders. Nonetheless, the level as well as nature of that control carries to rely on a nation’s capital endowments, institutional agreements and domesti c strategy alternatives. Discussion The prospects of this interdependent global economy on the medium to longer term will be dependent on its capability to provide not just a quicker rate of economic development but as well a level of affluence which is extensively shared by various nations as well as classes. Up till now, conservative economic study has been capable of dominating the debate on global potential with a dynamic assertion of the powerful and spontaneous connections among higher openness, more rapid development, and economic integration.

Causal Explanations of Dyslexia

Causal Explanations of Dyslexia Introduction Poor decoding and spelling abilities along with difficulties in precise and fluent recognition of words characterise the learning disability of dyslexia (International Dyslexia Association, 2001). Despite the extensive scientific attention that dyslexia has received there is still much debate about its causal explanation. Recently, Stoodly and Stein (2012) have pointed out that reading is only incidentally affected by this highly heritable neurobiological syndrome with multi-factorial aetiology. For example, it has been found that dyslexics exhibit various difficulties even in motor skills (Ramus, Pidgeon Frith, 2003; Fawcett Nicolson, 1995b;), mathematics (Ackerman Dykman, 1995), balance (Yap van der Leij, 1994), rapid processing (Nicolson Fawcett, 1994a) and working memory (Ramus et al., 2003; Nicolson, Fawcett Dean, 2001). Hence, the essay’s intention is to provide a brief overview of the most established causal explanations, before ultimately focus to the cerebellar deficit hypothesis. Phonological deficit hypothesis (PDH) The majority of dyslexia’s research was dominated by the phonological and magnocellular deficit hypotheses. According to Castles and Friedman (2014), the PDH refers to a wide range of disabilities that derive from the production, perception, manipulation or retention of speech sounds. More specifically, the PDH states that the breaking of the spoken words into phonemes or syllables is the main cause of dyslexics’ reading problems (Nicolson Fawcett, 2001). The theory’s most compelling arguments are its direct relationship with the way that humans learn how to read, as the phonological module is the language’s most basic level (Shaywitz, Morris, Shaywitz, 2008), and the fact that almost all dyslexic children exhibit some kind of phonological deficiency (Stanovich, 1988a). However, the last view is highly debatable with Dehaene (2009) to be one of its strongest advocates and Ramus et al. (2003) and White et al. (2006) to reject it after discovering that som e of their dyslectic participants exhibited only visual and no phonological deficiencies. Furthermore, PDH fails to explain dyslexia’s several secondary deficits, such as balance, memory, visual processing, mild motor coordination, etc. (Nicolson, Fawcett, Brookes Needle, 2010). Double deficit hypothesis (DDH) This theory emerged due to growing evidence that some dyslexic children with poor comprehension and sufficient decoding skills could not be diagnosed as dyslexic, because their symptoms could not be identified as phonological processing deficiencies (Vukovic Siegel, 2006). Thus, Wolf and Bowers (1999) in order to address this problem proposed that readers should be classified according to their adequacy or inadequacy in the cognitive skills of speed naming and phonological processing, with those showing deficiencies in both (DDH) to exhibit the most reading difficulties. This theory was further supported by Turkeltaubetal, Gareau, Flowers, Zeffiro and Eden (2003) who proved that rapid automatising naming-RAN and phonological awareness-PA activated different brain regions. However, Vukovits and Siegel (2006) pointed out that some studies, including theirs, have failed to prove that RAN has a connection with reading development, thus providing limited support to the DDH. Nonetheless, a recent study provided neuroimaging evidence of the involvement of separated brain systems in the processing of the PA and RAN skills, strengthening even more the DDH (Norton et al., 2014). Despite the inconsistent data DDH provides a good explanation about dyslexia’s core symptoms, but fails to take into account the whole spectrum of its various subtypes. Magnocellular deficit hypothesis (MDH) The MDH postulates that dyslexics’ reading problems emerge from their atypical visual or auditory magnocellular pathway-MP, which leads to sensory processing problems (Eden, 1996) due to its underdeveloped large neurones (Stein Talcott, 1999). The hypothesis’ most supportive data came from a post-mortem study in the brains of dyslexics, demonstrating that in the lateral geniculate nucleus the neurones in the MP were misplaced and shrunk by 30% than the controls’ (Galaburda and Livingstone, 1993). This theory has long been confirmed by Lovegrove, Martin, Blackwood, and Badcock, (1980), who proved that dyslexics not only shown lower contrast sensitivity at high temporal frequencies, but at low spatial as well. They also proved that dyslexics’ contrast sensitivity at the high spatial frequencies was enhanced, a finding also confirmed by Mason, Cornelissen, Fowler and Stein (1993). However, despite the above findings, inconsistent data from subsequent studies gave rise to controversies about the MDH’s validity (see Scottum, 2000), as it became clear that the impairment was mild and not present in all the dyslexics (Stein, Talcott, Walsh, 2000). Additionally, studies with small number of participants have failed to replicate Lovegrove’s et al. (1980) findings, probably due to the usage of inappropriate tests (not sensitive) or participants. Cerebellar deficit hypothesis (CDH) Even though the MDH is adequately explaining some of dyslexia’s core manifestations it does not address the common problems of clumsiness, dysgraphia, automating skills, balance, fluency etc. The Automatization deficit hypothesis-ADH (Nicolson Fawcett, 1990) emerged to explain some of the above difficulties, but was not able to specify the underlying brain structure (Fawcett Nicolson, 2004). Hence, the CDH came to address this shortcoming and merged ADH’s cognitive level explanation with its neurological. Thus, one of the CDH’s strengths was its ability to explicate these non literacy problems, which were pointing out the cerebellum and led to its identification as dyslexia’s underlying neurological structure. One of the reasons that the cerebellum was not associated with dyslexia earlier was the notion that it had no relationship with the language. However, Fullbright et al. (1999), proved that reading did involved the cerebellum, a finding also support ed by Scott et al. (2001), who discovered that tumours in the cerebellum were often associated with reading problems. After the emergence of the CDH a number of studies came into sight and provided further support. Specifically, anatomical cerebellar differences were revealed in dyslexics’ grey matter, as it was considerably reduced in both sides of their cerebellar nuclei (Brambati et al., 2004), a discovery recently reconfirmed by Stoodley (2014). However, cerebellar irregularities could not be identified either by Hoeft et al. (2007) or Silani et al. (2005), but this might was due to the selection criteria or dyslexics’ wide heterogeneity of symptoms. Concerning dyslexics’ balance difficulties-BD it was found that they were linked to the cerebellum and served as a by-product of dyslexia (Moe-Nilssen, Helbostad, Talcott Toennessen, 2003), a view also acknowledge by Needle, Fawcett and Nicolson (2007), but not accepted by Loras, Sigmundsson, Stensdotter, and T alcott (2014). Their experiments demonstrated a lack in significant statistical connection between reading and balance in healthy subjects and thus they suggested that when reading problems exist BD could not be accounted as a reliable measurement for the assessment of dyslexia risk (Loras et al., 2014). Although, this in contrast with Viholainen et al. (2011), who did found a correlation and suggested that balance and reading seemed to share a genetic mechanism. This inconsistency maybe explained due to the possibility that this relationship only lies in individuals with some kind of disorder or is just the result of disorder comorbidity. Additionally, studies have revealed that compared to the control group, dyslexics’ volume of the right anterior lobe was significantly smaller (Eckert et al., 2003) and their cerebellum was particularly symmetrical (Rae et al, 2002). On the other hand, CDH generated significant controversy as some of its critics claimed that the cerebellum is just an â€Å"innocent bystander† and not dyslexia’s causal factor, because it might receives compromised input from other cortical or sensory brain areas (Zeffiro Eden, 2001). Even though that this argument seems quite logical, there are not enough data to either support or reject it and only future research will shed further light. After all, in neuroscience research there are not only black and white findings. Furthermore, it is being claimed that cerebellar dysfunction cannot elucidate the whole range of dyslexia’s cases (Stoodley Stein, 2011) and neither is only specific to dyslexia as it also appears to other deficits, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or developmental coordination disorder (Rabeger Wimmer, 2003; Ramus et al., 2003a). According to Stoodley and Stein (2011), there is also the criticism that the cerebellum is not involved in reading and is only responsible for motor skills, but it seems that this has already been refuted with several studies highlighting cerebellum’s involvement in reading (Turkeltaub, Eden, Jones, Zeffiro, 2002), in modulating and refining language (Murdoch and Whelan, 2007), and even in rhyming (Booth, Wood, Lu, Houk Bitanet, 2007), but no consensus has yet been established. With no doubt there is some truth in each of these criticisms, but more and more data provide a stronger support to the CDH. Conclusion It is undeniable that each hypothesis adds a little bit to the general picture and explains dyslexia’s causality from a different angle, by overlapping and complementing each another. Future research should focus more on imaging studies in order to identify each underlying neural mechanism related to dyslexia and aim to a unified deficit theory, possibly with many subtypes, so children with dyslexia could be taught and treated properly. This would also provide the opportunity to master the learning mechanisms and contribute to the cure/management of other learning disabilities as well.

Heart Of Darkness :: essays research papers

The infinite battle between good and evil can destroy, refine, or rebuild the human soul by means of choice. However, good is stronger than evil and someday, the power of good will dominate. In the novel Heart of Darkness, Conrad illustrates pure evil and its capability to consume one’s soul. The title Heart of Darkness symbolizes the true evil in man, the improper use of knowledge and the downfall of civilization. “I’ve seen the devil of violence, and the devil of greed, and the devil of hot desire; but by all stars! These were strong, lusty, red-eyed devils, that swayed and drove men—men, I tell you.'; (Conrad, 81). Violence, greed and passionate desires are elements that help unleash the evil that lurks in man, which symbolizes the Heart of Darkness. The character change of Kurtz is an example of this evil. Kurtz is first describe as “a very remarkable person'; by the accountant. "Mr. Kurtz was at present in charge of a trading post, a very important one, in the ivory-country,… Sends in as much ivory as all the others put together." (Conrad, 84) However, when Kurtz experience power, greed overcomes him and he uses his intelligence and violence to accomplish his passionate desire. “ He is an emissary of pity and science and progress; and devil knows what else.'; (Conrad, 92). It is believed that there is evil in everyone and it can be triggered by mere stupidity of man. The evil in Kurtz is unleashed because he choose his deep desires for ivory and did not look ahead in the future of what will become of him. Consequently, his soul is consumed for eternal damnation. "The improper use of knowledge is another example that symbolizes the Heart of Darkness. One of Kurtz’s advantages is his deep voice and his ability to speak. That man could talk. He electrified large meetings. He had faith-don’t you see? –he had the faith. He could get himself to believe anything-anything. He would have been a splendid leader of an extreme party." (Conrad, 151) Kurtz used his knowledge about the weather and his power of speech to manipulate the natives into believing that he was a god. "He was not afraid of the natives; they would not stir till Mr. Kurtz gave the word. His ascendancy was extraordinary. The camps of these people surrounded the place, and the chiefs came everyday and they would crawl… ‘I don’t want to know anything of the ceremonies used when approaching Mr.

Latchkey Children

The effects of being a latchkey child differ with age. Loneliness, boredom and fear are most common for those younger than 10 years of age. In the early teens, there is a greater susceptibility to peer pressure, potentially resulting in such behaviors as alcohol abuse, drug abuse, sexual promiscuity and smoking. 4][5] The behaviors might stem from â€Å"unspent energy, peer pressure to misbehave, or hostility because of the lack of appropriate adult attention†. [6]However, some children can exude other positive effects. An early developement of self reliance, adaptation to difficult situations, and a desire to contribute to a visible need in the household. Socioeconomic status and length of time left alone can bring forth other negative effects.In one study, middle school students left home alone for more than three hours a day reported higher levels of behavioral problems, higher rates of depression and lower levels of self-esteem than other students. [7] Children from lower income families are associated with greater externalizing issues (such as conduct disorders and hyperactivity) andacademic problems, while children from middle class and upper class income families are no different to their supervised peers. 8] In 2000, a German PISA study found no significant differences in the scholastic performance between â€Å"latchkey kids† and kids in a â€Å"nuclear family†. [9] Positive effects of being a latchkey child include independence and self-reliance at a young age. Deborah Belle, author of The After-School Lives of Children: Alone and With Others While Parents Work suggests that being left home alone may be a better alternative to staying with baby-sitters or older siblings Latchkey Children The effects of being a latchkey child differ with age. Loneliness, boredom and fear are most common for those younger than 10 years of age. In the early teens, there is a greater susceptibility to peer pressure, potentially resulting in such behaviors as alcohol abuse, drug abuse, sexual promiscuity and smoking. 4][5] The behaviors might stem from â€Å"unspent energy, peer pressure to misbehave, or hostility because of the lack of appropriate adult attention†. [6]However, some children can exude other positive effects. An early developement of self reliance, adaptation to difficult situations, and a desire to contribute to a visible need in the household. Socioeconomic status and length of time left alone can bring forth other negative effects.In one study, middle school students left home alone for more than three hours a day reported higher levels of behavioral problems, higher rates of depression and lower levels of self-esteem than other students. [7] Children from lower income families are associated with greater externalizing issues (such as conduct disorders and hyperactivity) andacademic problems, while children from middle class and upper class income families are no different to their supervised peers. 8] In 2000, a German PISA study found no significant differences in the scholastic performance between â€Å"latchkey kids† and kids in a â€Å"nuclear family†. [9] Positive effects of being a latchkey child include independence and self-reliance at a young age. Deborah Belle, author of The After-School Lives of Children: Alone and With Others While Parents Work suggests that being left home alone may be a better alternative to staying with baby-sitters or older siblings

What You Should Know About Nigeria

What You Should Know About Nigeria Population: 152,217,341 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: AbujaBordering Countries: Benin, Cameroon, Chad, NigerLand Area: 356,667 square miles (923,768 sq km)Coastline: 530 miles (853 km)Highest Point: Chappal Waddi at 7,936 feet (2,419 m)Nigeria is a country located in West Africa along the Atlantic Oceans Gulf of Guinea. Its land borders are with Benin to the west, Cameroon, and Chad to the east and Niger to the north. Nigerias main ethnic groups are Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. It is the most populous country in Africa and its economy is considered one of the fastest growing in the world. Nigeria is known for being the regional center of West Africa. History of Nigeria Nigeria has a long history that dates back as far as 9000 B.C.E. as shown in archaeological records. The earliest cities in Nigeria were the northern cities of Kano and Katsina that started around 1000 C.E. Around 1400, the Yoruba kingdom of Oyo was founded in the southwest and reach its height from the 17th to the 19th century. Around this same time, European traders began establishing ports for the slave trade to the Americas. In the 19th century, this changed to the trading of goods like palm oil and timber. In 1885, the British claimed a sphere of influence over Nigeria and in 1886, the Royal Niger Company was established. In 1900, the area became controlled by the British government and in 1914 it became the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Throughout the mid-1900s and especially after World War II, the people of Nigeria began pushing for independence. In October 1960, it came when it was established as a federation of three regions with a parliamentary government. In 1963 however, Nigeria proclaimed itself a federal republic and drafted a new constitution. Throughout the 1960s, Nigerias government was unstable as it underwent several governmental overthrows; its prime minister was assassinated and was engaged in a civil war. Following the civil war, Nigeria focused on economic development and in 1977, after several more years of government instability, the country drafted a new constitution. Political corruption remained throughout the late 1970s and into the 1980s though and 1983, the Second Republic government as it came to be known was overthrown. In 1989, the Third Republic began and in the early 1990s, government corruption remained and there were several attempts to again overthrown the government. Finally, in 1995, Nigeria began to transition into a civilian rule. In 1999 a new constitution and in May of that same year, Nigeria became a democratic nation after years of political instability and military rule. Olusegun Obasanjo was the first president during this time and he worked to improve Nigerias infrastructure, the governments relationship with its people and its economy. In 2007, Obasanjo stepped down as president. Umaru YarAdua then became the president of Nigeria and he vowed to reform the countrys elections, fight its crime problems and continue working on economic growth. On May 5, 2010, YarAdua died and Goodluck Jonathan became the president of Nigeria on May 6. Government of Nigeria Nigerias government is considered a federal republic and it has a legal system based on English common law, Islamic law (in its northern states) and traditional laws. Nigerias executive branch is made up of a chief of state and a head of government- both of which are filled by the president. It also has a bicameral National Assembly consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Nigerias judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court and the Federal Court of Appeal. Nigeria is divided into 36 states and one territory for local administration. Economics and Land Use in Nigeria Although Nigeria has long had problems of political corruption and a lack of infrastructure it is rich in natural resources like oil and recently its economy has begun to grow into one of the fastest in the world. However, oil alone provides 95% of its foreign exchange earnings. Nigerias other industries include coal, tin, columbite, rubber products, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, and steel. Nigerias agricultural products are cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava, yams, rubber, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, timber, and fish. Geography and Climate of Nigeria Nigeria is a large country that has a varied topography. It is about twice the size of the U.S. state of California and is located between Benin and Cameroon. In the south, it has lowlands that climb into hills and plateaus in the central part of the country. In the southeast, there are mountains while the north consists mainly of plains. Nigerias climate also varies but the center and the south are tropical due to their locations near the equator, while the north is arid. More Facts about Nigeria Life expectancy in Nigeria is 47 years of ageEnglish is Nigerias official language but Hausa, Igbo Yoruba, Fulani, and Kanuri are others that are spoken in the countryLagos, Kano, and Ibadan are the largest cities in Nigeria References Central Intelligence Agency. (1 June 2010). CIA - The World Factbook - Nigeria. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Nigeria: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107847.htmlUnited States Department of State. (12 May 2010). Nigeria. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2836.htmWikipedia.com. (30 June 2010). Nigeria - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria

Biography of Charles Kettering, Inventor of the Electrical Ignition System

Biography of Charles Kettering, Inventor of the Electrical Ignition System The first electrical ignition system or electric starter motor for cars was invented by General Motors (GM) engineers Clyde Coleman and Charles Kettering. The self-starting ignition was first installed in a Cadillac on February 17, 1911. The invention of the electric starter motor by Kettering eliminated the need for hand cranking. The United States Patent #1,150,523, was issued to Kettering in 1915.   Kettering  founded the company Delco and headed research at  General Motors  from 1920 to 1947.   Early Years Charles was born in  Loudonville, Ohio, in 1876. He was the fourth of five children born to Jacob Kettering and Martha Hunter Kettering. Growing up he could not see well in school, which gave him headaches. After graduation, he became a teacher. He led scientific demonstrations for students on electricity, heat, magnetism, and gravity. Kettering also took classes at  The College of Wooster, and then transferred to  The Ohio State University. He still had eye problems, though, which forced him to withdraw. He then worked as foreman of a telephone line crew. He learned he could apply his electrical engineering skills on the job. He also met his future wife, Olive Williams. His eye problems got better, and he was able to go back to school. Kettering graduated from OSU in 1904 with an  electrical engineering  degree. Inventions Begin Kettering began working at a research laboratory at  National Cash Register. He invented an easy credit approval system, a precursor to todays credit cards, and the electric cash register, which made ringing up sales physically much easier for sales clerks all over the country.  During his five years at NCR, from 1904 to 1909, Kettering earned 23 patents for NCR.   Beginning in 1907, his NCR co-worker  Edward A. Deeds​  urged Kettering to improve the automobile. Deeds and Kettering invited other NCR engineers, including  Harold E. Talbott​, to join them in their quest. They first set out to improve the ignition.  In 1909, Kettering resigned from NCR to work full-time on automotive developments which included the invention of the  self-starting  ignition. Freon   In 1928, Thomas Midgley, Jr. and Kettering invented a Miracle Compound called Freon. Freon is now infamous for greatly adding to the depletion of the earths ozone shield. Refrigerators from the late 1800s until 1929 used the toxic  gases, ammonia (NH3), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), as refrigerants. Several fatal accidents occurred in the 1920s because of methyl chloride leakage from  refrigerators. People started leaving their refrigerators in their backyards. A collaborative effort began between three American corporations, Frigidaire, General Motors, and DuPont to search for a less dangerous method of refrigeration. Freon represents several different chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, which are used in commerce and industry. The CFCs are a group of aliphatic organic compounds containing the elements carbon and fluorine, and, in many cases, other halogens (especially chlorine) and hydrogen. Freons are colorless, odorless, nonflammable, noncorrosive  gases  or liquids. Kettering died in November 1958.

Role of Professional Nursing Organizations in Maintaining a Healthy Essay

Role of Professional Nursing Organizations in Maintaining a Healthy Workplace - Essay Example The professional organizations, with the help of their licensed nurses, contribute largely to the improved conditions of workplace and employees, their sustainable developments, and increasing sustainability through addressing all those factors which are related to the well-being and health of the population. They do this by decreasing the ill-health trends and reducing the healthcare costs. There are many roles, which the nurses play in order to maintain the health management of the workplace. These roles include the nurses in the form of advisors, managers, researchers, clinicians, coordinators and managers. There are licensed as well as the occupational health nurses, who possess an independent role and through this, they take an advantage of listening to patients and employees, gathering the relevant information and data, and discussing matters regarding the health and well-being of the employees from the management and staff of organization. The unique characteristic of the prof essional nursing organizations include the readily availability of nurses and their capability to tackle all the healthcare issues. The various services through which the professional nursing organizations play their role in maintaining a healthy workplace include: Primary prevention The professional nursing organization facilitates its employees with the knowledge regarding the primary prevention of disease or injury. Through this methods, the professional nurses perform the identification, assessment and planning for the interventions for the purpose of modifying and improving the methods or processes of working, the work environment or the practice in order to reduce the chances of risks and hazards. They even take into account the elements of human behavior, choice of equipments,... This paper approves that the nurses at the professional and proficient level aim to maintain the health issues at the workplace. They provide a wide range of advices, alternatives, preventions and precautions to the employees working at organizations, irrespective of their risk approach. The nurses in a professional nursing organization generally act on the level of an organization, nation or community. They facilitate the patients with the suitable informed consents and establish an entire liaison network with them in order to ensure that a properly designed and comprehensive health strategy and approach has been designed to meet their health objectives. One of the major contributions that the professional and occupational nurses provide to the workers include health assessment for the employees to stay fit at work, and this is done through conducting their periodic health examinations, and individual health assessments. In order to maintain the transparency, fairness and reliabilit y of the treatments, the collaboration with the physicians is done and this also relies heavily upon the accepted practices, law and legislations of the nursing. This essay makes a conclusion that the essay deals with the subject of the analysis of the role of professional nursing organizations in maintaining the healthcare at the workplaces. In this context, the professional, licensed nurses play a major role in making the workplace effective and its employees efficient. The strategies such as health surveillance, periodic medical checkups, counseling, healthy assessments and screenings, and many other individual and group plans are implemented in order to contribute towards the organization’s effectiveness.

Marketing research Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing research - Term Paper Example Explain what the research firm means and what you might do. The research firm means that donors have declined in terms of donating towards the good course of the agency. Since before that there used to be high number of donations, the agency is determined to identify the root cause of the problem and come up with solutions. Thus, to solve this, I would explore and research on the root cause and find the main reason for the declining donations. Then I would give a detailed explanation of this to the agency in a language they can understand and then together we come up with a solution based on these findings. There are various advantages of secondary data over primary data. The first one is that it is in time saving and inexpensive to obtain. The reason is that secondary data is readily available either in the census or other records available for the organization unlike primary data which organizations have to conduct research to obtain. It is easily accessible and can be used over a long period of time (Jong & Berg, 2012). 4. An entrepreneur is contemplating establishing a funeral home in a small town. This person believes the demand for funeral home services is greater than the services being provided. The entrepreneur contacts a consultant and tells the consultant he needs a quantitative survey to determine the total demand for funeral home services in the small town and surrounding communities. If you were the consultant, how would you react to the entrepreneurs request for a survey? What kind of counter proposal would you make? It is quite unfortunate and for the entrepreneur to request for a survey to identify the total request for a funeral home services. The reason is that no one likes to lose their loved ones. Thus, I would be very shocked with the request since it would be like mocking the individuals who have lost their loved